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There were nearly no opportunities to appeal the verdicts of these tribunals. There were reports of a small number of individuals Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk some human rights groups considered to be political prisoners.

As of October the trial of Zhytomyr journalist Vasyl Muravytsky, was ongoing. Muravytsky was charged with state treason, infringement of territorial integrity, Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk of hatred, Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk support for terrorist organizations based on statements deemed pro-Russian. He could face up to 15 years of prison. Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk domestic and international journalist unions called for his release, claiming the charges were politically motivated.

Kotsaba was not incarcerated at the time and had been released in following his arrest on charges Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk impeding the work of the armed forces by calling on Ukrainians Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk ignore the draft. During the period of his arrest, human rights groups had deemed him a political prisoner. An inefficient and corrupt judicial system limited the right of redress. Individuals Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk also file a collective legal challenge to legislation they believe may violate basic rights and freedoms.

Individuals may appeal to the human rights ombudsman at any time and to the ECHR after exhausting domestic legal remedies. The country endorsed the Terezin Declaration but Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk not passed any laws dealing with the restitution of private or communal property, although the latter has been dealt with partly through regulations and decrees.

In recent years most successful cases of restitution have taken place as a result of tacit and behind-the-scenes lobbying on behalf of the Jewish groups. The constitution prohibits such actions, but there were reports authorities generally Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk not respect the prohibitions. By law, the SBU may not conduct surveillance or searches without a court-issued Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk. The SBU and law enforcement agencies, however, sometimes conducted searches without a proper warrant.

In an emergency Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk may initiate a search without prior court approval, but Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk must seek court approval immediately after the investigation begins. Citizens have the right to examine any dossier in the possession of the SBU that concerns them; they have the right to recover losses resulting from an investigation. There was no implementing legislation, and authorities generally did not respect these rights, and many citizens were not aware of their rights or that authorities had violated their Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk.

There were some reports that the government had accessed private communications and monitored private movements without appropriate legal authority. For example on April 26, a judge of the Uzhhorod city court complained of illegal surveillance. Representatives of the National Guard who were entrusted with Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk the court premises had allegedly installed a listening device in his office. Police opened an investigation into the complaint.

The Russian government controlled the level of violence in eastern Ukraine, intensifying the conflict when it suited its political interests. Russian forces continued to Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk, train, Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk, and fight alongside some Ukrainians.

Russia-led forces Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk the conflict methodically obstructed and threatened international monitors, who did not have the access necessary to record systematically ceasefire violations or abuses committed by Russia-led forces.

As of September 2, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe OSCE fielded 1, persons supporting a special monitoring mission SMMwhich issued daily reports on the situation and conditions in Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk major cities. As of mid-June the HRMMU reported that fighting had killed at Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk 10, persons in Ukraine, including civilians, government armed forces, and members of armed groups.

This figure included the passengers and crew Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk board Malaysian Airlines flight MH, which was shot down in over the Donbas region.

In addition, since the start of the conflict, more than three million residents have left areas of Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts controlled by Russia-led forces. As of October 1, the Ministry of Social Policy had registered 1. The media and human rights groups continued to report widespread abuses in areas held by Russia-led forces. Killings : As of November 1, the OSCE reported civilian casualties 43 deaths and injuries since January 1, compared with total casualties 86 deaths and injuries for all of In its September report, the HRMMU noted that the continued use of indirect and explosive weapons by both sides of the conflict remained the primary concern regarding protection of civilians, that significant numbers of Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk continued to reside in villages and towns in close proximity to the contact line, and that both government forces and Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk forces were present in areas where Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk resided.

According to press reports, on May 17, a year-old boy and his father were killed in their yard in the village of Troitske Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk government-controlled territory during shelling by Russia-led forces. The HRMMU also regularly noted concerns about the dangers to Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk from landmines, booby traps, and unexploded ordnance. According to the Ministry of Defense, 7, square kilometers square miles of government-controlled territory and 9, square kilometers square Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk of territory controlled by Russia-led forces in Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts needed humanitarian demining.

According to the Ministry of Defense, as of mid-July, mines Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk explosive ordinance had killed more than 2, civilians, including children, since the start of the conflict. According to the HRMMU, on April 7, four members of one family died in Pishchane in the government-controlled area of Luhansk region when their vehicle ran over an antitank mine. On September 30, according to the OSCE SMM, three children were killed and one injured when they inadvertently triggered a landmine on the outskirts of Horlivka in Donetsk Oblast, in an area under the control of Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk forces.

Three boys between the ages of 12 and Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk died at the scene and a year-old boy was taken to a local hospital with multiple injuries. According to the National Police, 1, persons went missing in the conflict area since April Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk The law calls for the creation of a unified registry of missing persons and a commission to coordinate the activities of government agencies involved in tracing and identifying missing persons and providing support for their families.

According to human rights groups, over 1, bodies in government-controlled cemeteries and morgues, both military and civilian, remained unidentified as a result of fighting, mostly from Abductions : There Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk reports of abductions Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk both sides Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk the line of contact.

In Kyiv as well as in Russia-controlled territory in Donbas, the WGEID perceived little interest in pursuing cases unless the perpetrator is identified as someone supporting the opposite side. This lasted from a few hours to a few days or weeks, during which the victim remained blindfolded or the perpetrators Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk their faces. At that point the Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk would reportedly be properly registered, relatives were notified of the detention, and the detainee was notified of suspicion and interrogated.

Human rights groups reported that Russia-led forces routinely kidnapped persons for political purposes, to settle vendettas, or for ransom.

Civilians were most often detained by Russia-led forces at entry-exit checkpoints along the line of contact. As of mid-May, the HRMMU documented five cases in which individuals were detained while attempting Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk cross the line of contact. In such cases, relatives could not obtain information about the whereabouts of the detained persons, particularly during the initial stage of detention.

There were several cases in which individuals were held incommunicado for more than a month. During the first two days of his arrest, Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk was allegedly severely beaten, forced to stand on his toes while his wrists were handcuffed to a ceiling, and subjected to electric shocks.

Russia-led authorities released him after 64 days of detention. On August 17, a Russian state-run television channel broadcast an interview in which abducted journalist Stanislav Aseyev pen name Vasin was forced to confess falsely to spying for Ukraine. In June Russia-led forces Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk Aseyev in Donetsk and accused him of Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk.

Physical Abuse, Punishment, and Torture : Both government and Russia-led forces reportedly abused and tortured civilians and soldiers in detention facilities, but human rights organizations consistently sited Russia-led forces for large-scale systematic abuses.

Observers noted that an atmosphere of impunity and absence of rule of law compounded the situation. Reported abuses included beatings, physical and psychological torture, mock executions, sexual violence, Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk of food and water, refusal of medical care, and forced labor. Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk government-controlled territory, the HRMMU recorded several cases of torture, including mock executions and use of electric shocks. The HRMMU stated it suspected such cases were underreported because victims often remained in Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk or were afraid to report abuse due to fear of retaliation or lack of trust in the justice system.

As of mid-August the HRMMU documented nine cases Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk the Donbas area where government military or SBU personnel captured alleged members of armed groups and held them in Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk detention facilities before their arrests were properly registered.

Four detained individuals involved in such cases reported being tortured, mistreated, subjected to sexual violence, and threatened with physical violence. For example according to the HRMMU, on June 20, a resident of Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk was held for nearly 35 hours in the government-controlled Bakhmut and Kramatorsk police departments without being officially arrested or charged and without access to a lawyer.

During this time, people in military uniforms reportedly punched him, beat him with objects, and threatened him with a knife, demanding a confession. He was interrogated and Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk to agree to a plea bargain and was charged with participation in an armed group.

According to the HRMMU, the Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk of effective investigation into previously documented cases Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk torture and physical abuse remained a critical human rights concern. While the courts ordered the investigation reopened Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk times, there was no progress and, following the release of the detainee in Decemberthe investigation was reportedly closed again.

There were reports that Russia-led forces systematically committed numerous abuses, including torture, in the territories under their control. According to international organizations and NGOs, abuses included beatings, forced labor, psychological and physical torture, public humiliation, and sexual violence.

Most of the young women in Sinop Nana Plaza also come from Isan, the poor rural northeast region. nataliebaviles.com The ministry oversees police and other law enforcement personnel.. Phone numbers of Hookers in Dokuchayevsk, Donetsk.

During the year new accounts of abuse emerged from detainees released in a December prisoner exchange. For example, Leonid, a resident of Debaltseve, was held captive for days after being detained in He was detained while attempting to move to the territory controlled by the government.

The Russia-led forces equipped a prison with a torture ward in the basement of the former factor where Leonid was also tortured. During interrogation, perpetrators Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk electric shock, beat him, humiliated him, attempted to rape him, and threatened to torture his relatives.

According to the Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk, the agency has documented cases of torture of Ukrainian citizens by Russia-led forces. During their detention, the individuals were allegedly subjected to electric shock and other forms of abuse.

The HRMMU believed that Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk least 40 individuals, including civilians, were held in Izoliatsiya during the first half of the year.

A December report by the Justice for Peace in Donbas Coalition JFPDC reflecting interviews with hundreds of former detainees from detention centers documented Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk by Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk sides over the course of Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk conflict, but noted that sexual violence was more widely used by Russia-led forces than by government forces or progovernment battalions.

On the Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk side, the report documented incidents of rape, threats of rape, Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk sexual harassment and humiliation. The report noted that at least one out of every four detainees of these illegal prisons both women and men was a victim or witness of gender-based violence.

The documented forms of abuse included rape, threats of rape, threats of castration, intentional damage to genitalia, threats of sexual violence against family members, sexual harassment, forced nudity, coercion to watch sexual violence against others, forced prostitution, and humiliation.

Both sides employed land mines without fencing, signs, or other measures to prevent civilian casualties. As of September the HRMMU reported that mines, booby traps, and explosive remnants of war accounted for 58 civilian casualties six killed and 52 injured. Risks were particularly acute for persons living in towns and settlements near the contact line as well Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk for the approximately 35, persons who crossed the contact line daily. Other Conflict-related Abuse : On May 24, an international team of investigators from Netherlands, Australia, Belgium, Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk, and Ukraine presented the results of their investigation into the downing of Malaysian Airlines Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk 17 in Donbas.

The investigation concluded that the surface-to-air missile system used to shoot down the airliner over Ukraine, killing all persons on board, came from the Russian military. The report largely confirmed the already widely documented role of the Russian government in the deployment of the missile system and its subsequent cover-up.

Russia-led forces in Donetsk Oblast banned Ukrainian government humanitarian aid and restricted aid from international humanitarian organizations.

As a result, prices for basic groceries were reportedly outside the Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk of many persons remaining in Russia-controlled Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk. Human rights groups also reported severe shortages of medicine, coal, and medical supplies in Russia-controlled territory. The constitution and law provide for freedom of expression, including for members of the press.

Authorities did not always respect these rights, however.

Balls \u0026 Brawls: Big fight in Ukraine parliament after opposition MP goes for PM Yatsenyuk’s crotch

Other problematic practices continued to Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk media freedom, including self-censorship, so-called jeansa payments publishing unsubstantiated news articles for a feeand slanted news coverage by media outlets whose owners had close ties to the government or Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk political parties.

In the Donbas region, Russia-led forces suppressed freedom of speech and the press Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk harassment, intimidation, abductions, and assaults on journalists and media outlets. They also prevented the transmission of Ukrainian and independent television and radio programming in areas under their control.

The constitution and law provide for freedom of association, and the government generally respected this right.

Freedom of Expression : With some exceptions, individuals in areas under government control could generally criticize the government publicly and privately and discuss matters of public interest without fear of Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk reprisal. The 10 Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk popular television stations were owned by businessmen whose primary business was not in media. Independent media had difficulty competing with Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk outlets that operated with oligarchic subsidies.

As of October 1, the Institute of Mass Information IMI recorded cases of alleged violations of freedom of press during the year, compared with cases over the same period in Jeansa —the practice of planting one-sided or favorable news coverage paid for by politicians or oligarchs—continued to Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk widespread. Violence and Harassment : Violence against journalists remained a problem. Human rights groups and journalists criticized what they saw as government inaction in solving the crimes as giving rise to a growing culture of impunity.

According to IMI, as of September 1, there had Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk 22 reports Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk attacks on journalists during the year, compared with 19 cases during the same period in As inprivate, rather than state, actors perpetrated the majority of the attacks.

As of September 1, there were 24 incidents involving threats against journalists, as compared with 22 during the same period in IMI and editors of major independent news outlets also noted online harassment of journalists by societal actors, reflecting a growing societal intolerance of reporting deemed insufficiently patriotic, a development they asserted had the tacit support of the government.

On September 8, two men, one of them identified as Volodymyr Voychenko, a member Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk the Novoodesa district council in Mykolaiv Oblast, attacked and beat the editor in chief of the local Mykolaiv newspaper My City, Mykola Popov. Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk to Popov, Voychenko and an accomplice approached him at a restaurant to complain about his writing and then beat him. The journalist linked the attack to his critical publications about local authorities.

Police opened an investigation into both Popov and his attackers, who had filed a complaint claiming that Popov had attacked them. There were reports of police using violence and intimidation against journalists. For example in February 21, several female journalists seeking to attend the treason trial of former president Yanukovych reported that police officers Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk them to undress and undergo invasive security checks in order to be granted entry to a courtroom where Poroshenko was testifying via video link.

Specifically, the female journalists were asked to remove all clothing above the waist so that police could confirm that they did not have political slogans Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk on their bodies. Police later indicated that they had been looking for members of the protest group Femen, who often conducted partially nude protests. There were reports of attacks on the offices of independent media outlets, generally by unidentified assailants.

For example, on February 23, an unknown assailant burned the offices of the investigative news website Chetverta Vlada fourth Power in Rivne. Police opened an investigation into the attack.

Two perpetrators were identified and police issued a wanted Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk. There were reports that government officials sought to pressure journalists through the judicial system.

On September 18, an appeals court ruled to restrict the original request to geolocation data from around the offices of the NABU in Kyiv, but upheld the original timeframe.

There were no developments during the year in the killing of well-known Belarusian-Russian journalist Pavel Sheremet, who hosted a morning show on Vesti radio and worked for the Ukrainska Pravda online news outlet see section 1. In June authorities completed the investigation of the killing of Oles Buzyna, allegedly by members of a right-wing political group, and referred the case to court for trial.

Court hearings against two suspects were underway as of September. Censorship or Content Restrictions : Human Rights organizations frequently criticized the government for taking an overly broad approach to banning books, television shows, and other content see sections on National Security and Internet Freedom. As of July the list contained books. In January, Derzhkomteleradio Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk the Russian-language translation of Stalingradan award-winning book by British historian Anthony Beever.

Both independent and state-owned media periodically engaged in self-censorship when reporting stories that might expose political allies to criticism or that might be perceived by the public as insufficiently patriotic or provide information that Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk be used for Russian propaganda. While the law limits the monetary damages a plaintiff can claim in a lawsuit, local media observers continued to express concern over high monetary damages awarded for alleged libel.

For example, on June 13, Ukroboronprom an association of state-run companies producing defense articles filed a lawsuit against Publishing House Media DK, the media group that owns Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk Vremya. Novoye Vremya had published articles on corruption connected to state purchases of defense articles from Ukroboronprom. National Security : Authorities took Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk to prohibit, regulate, and occasionally censor information deemed a national security threat, particularly those emanating from Russia and promoting pro-Russian lines, in the context of the ongoing conventional conflict in the Donbas, as well as the ongoing Russian disinformation and cyber campaigns.

The government Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk the practice of banning specific works by Russian actors, film directors, and singers, as well as imposing sanctions on pro-Russian journalists. According to the State Film Agency, as of mid-September more than films and television shows had been banned on national security grounds since There were reports that the government Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk noncompliance with these content bans to pressure outlets it perceived as having a pro-Russian editorial policy.

On Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk 4, parliament approved a resolution to impose sanctions on television channels Ukraine and NewsOne due to their alleged pro-Russian activities and beneficial owners. The resolution Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk for Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk of assets, suspension of licenses, a ban on the use of radio frequencies, and a termination of the Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk of telecommunication services and usage of general telecommunications networks.

As of December sanctions had not yet come into force. Observers expressed doubts that this type of ban could be enforced. Media Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk continued to experience pressure from the SBU, the military, and other officials when reporting on sensitive issues, such as military losses.

The magazine reported that the two officials were the main beneficiaries of corruption schemes connected to state purchases Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk defense articles. The magazine refused to do so. Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk were reports that the government used national Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk grounds to arrest and prosecute journalists it believed had a pro-Russian editorial bias.

Editor in Chief Kirill Vyshinskiy was arrested and charged with high treason. Pretrial investigation continued as of late September. Authorities continued to deport and bar entry to foreign journalists on national security grounds.

On July 10, border guards barred John Warren Graeme Broderip, a UK national and the host of the Russian channel NTV, from entering the country and imposed a three-year entry ban on him for violating the rules of entering occupied Crimea in Nongovernmental Impact : There were reports Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk nationalist hate groups committed attacks on Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk.

For example according to IMI, on July 19, members of nationalist hate group C14 in Kyiv attacked a journalist covering a trial of C14 members who had been charged with attacking a Romani camp.

Russia-led forces in the east harassed, arbitrarily detained, and mistreated journalists see section 1. Law enforcement bodies monitored the internet, at times without appropriate legal authority, and took significant steps during the year to block access to websites. On May 14, the president endorsed new sanctions approved by the National Security and Defense Council that, among other things, obliged Ukrainian internet providers to block sites, in addition to those previously blocked.

In its annual Freedom on the Net report published in November, Freedom House concluded that internet freedom had deteriorated for the second year in a row. Meanwhile, Russia-led forces in the east have stepped up efforts to block content online perceived to be in support of Ukrainian government or cultural identity.

There were reports that the government prosecuted individuals for their posts on social media. For example, according to Freedom House, in February the SBU searched the home of Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk Chernihiv resident for allegedly posting anti-Ukrainian content on Russian social media Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk.

On November 28, representatives of at least four Ukrainian human rights, media, and anticorruption organizations were notified by Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk that their private and corporate Google accounts were attacked Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk offenders likely backed by the Russian government.

Ukrainian users Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk similar messages throughout Independent analysis indicated that a hacker group named Fancy Bear associated with the Russian Government was behind the attacks.

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There were no reports of government restrictions on academic freedom or cultural events. The government maintained a list of Russian or pro-Russian musicians, Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk, and other cultural figures that it prohibited from entering the country on national security grounds. The constitution provides for the freedoms of peaceful assembly and Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk, and the government generally respected these rights.

The constitution provides for the freedom of peaceful assembly, Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk the government generally respected Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk right. There are no laws, however, regulating the Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk of organizing and conducting events to provide for the Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk, and authorities have wide discretion under a Soviet-era directive to grant or refuse permission for assemblies on grounds of protecting public order and safety. Organizers are required Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk inform authorities in advance of plans for protests or demonstrations.

During the year citizens generally exercised the right to assemble peacefully without restriction in areas of the country under government control. There were reports, however, that police at times used excessive force when dispersing protests.

For example, on March 3, police destroyed a protest tent camp that had been set up near the parliament in October Police allegedly beat protesters and used tear gas against journalists. Nineteen persons sustained injuries 10 had head injuries and nine other types of physical injuriesincluding journalists from Radio Liberty, Hromadske TV, and the Insider news outlet. The journalists reported deliberate attacks by police despite the fact that they had clearly identified themselves as members of the press.

According to the chief of the Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk police, investigators and police were lawfully investigating criminal acts in connection with protester attempts to seize the International Center for Culture and Arts in Kyiv in December Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk clashes at Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk parliament on February Police initiated two criminal investigations on possible use of excessive force by officers and interference by police in the work of journalists who were attempting to record the event.

The investigation continued as of December. While the main Pride March in Kyiv was protected by thousands of police, police at times did not adequately protect smaller demonstrations, especially those Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk by persons belonging to minority groups or opposition political movements. Police launched investigations of the incidents. Police briefly detained attackers but no charges were filed. The constitution and law provide for Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk of association, and the government generally respected this right.

Human rights groups and international organizations continued to criticize sharply a law signed by the president in March that introduced vague and burdensome asset-reporting requirements for civil society organizations and journalists working on anticorruption matters. Heads and members of the boards of anticorruption NGOs had to submit their asset declarations by April 1.

Observers continued to express concern that these asset declarations have the potential to endanger the staff of NGOs Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk on human rights and anticorruption, particularly if they work on issues Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk to Russian-occupied Crimea or areas of the Donbas controlled by Russia-led forces. Human rights organizations reported a growing number of unsolved attacks on members of civil society organizations, which they believed created a climate of impunity.

A September 26 joint statement by several dozen Ukrainian civic organizations stated that there had been more than 50 such attacks in the previous 12 months and accused the government of failing to investigate these crimes properly. There were reports of incidents in which observers alleged that the government targeted activists for prosecution in retaliation for their professional activity.

On January 15, authorities charged Shabunin with allegedly inflicting bodily harm on a journalist, a charge that carries a heavier penalty than the crime of inflicting intentional moderate bodily harm with which he had previously been charged in According Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk the HRMMU, in the territories controlled by Russia-led forces, Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk and international civil society organizations, including human rights defenders, could not operate freely. Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk human rights groups attempted to work in those areas, they faced significant Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk and intimidation.

2018 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Ukraine

The HRMMU also noted an increase in civil society organizations run by Russia-led forces, which appeared to require certain persons, such as public-sector employees, to join. The constitution and law provide citizens with freedom of internal movement, foreign travel, emigration, Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk repatriation.

The government, however, restricted these rights, particularly in the eastern part of the country Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk the zone of conflict. The government cooperated with UNHCR and other humanitarian organizations in providing protection and assistance to IDPs, refugees, returning refugees, asylum seekers, stateless Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk, and other persons of concern.

International and domestic organizations reported the system for protecting asylum seekers, stateless persons, and other persons of concern did not Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk effectively. Abuse of Migrants, Refugees, and Stateless Persons : Authorities frequently detained asylum seekers for extended periods without court approval.

Authorities in some cases detained persons for longer than three days without a warrant.

In-country Movement : The government and Russia-led forces strictly controlled movement between government-controlled areas and territories in the Donbas region controlled by Russia-led forces. Crossing the contact line remained arduous. Public passenger transportation remained prohibited. While five crossing points existed, only four were in operation for much of the year. The Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk reported that individuals crossing the contact line, predominantly the elderly and people with medical issues, had to spend several hours standing in line.

According to the State Emergency Service of Ukraine in Luhansk Oblast, up to persons experienced health incidents each day at the Stanytsia-Luhanska checkpoint between May and August. The government used a pass system involving an online application process to control movement into government-controlled territory. Human rights groups expressed concern that many persons in Russia-controlled territory did Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk have access to the internet to obtain such passes and that the pass system imposed significant hardships on persons crossing into government-controlled territory, in particular those who sought to receive pensions and government benefits, which were not distributed in the territory controlled by Russia-led forces.

As of Aprilcrossing permits no longer expire and residents of territory adjacent to the line of contact on the government-controlled Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk did not need a permit to cross.

The HRMMU repeatedly voiced concern over reports of corruption by checkpoint personnel on both sides, including demands for bribes or goods in exchange for easing passage Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk the line Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk contact.

Russia-led forces continued to hinder freedom of Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk in the eastern part of the country. The Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk and Russian occupation authorities subjected individuals crossing between Russian-occupied Crimea and the mainland to strict passport controls at the administrative boundary between Kherson Oblast and Crimea.

Authorities prohibited rail and commercial bus service across the administrative boundary, requiring Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk either to cross on foot or by private vehicle. Long lines and insufficient access to toilets, shelter, and potable water remained prevalent. Civil society, journalists, and independent defense lawyers continued to maintain that the government placed significant barriers to their entry to Crimea, including lengthy processes to obtain required permissions, thereby complicating their Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk to document and address abuses taking place there.

According to the Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk of Social Policy, as of late September more than 1. Some NGOs and international Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk estimated the number to be lower, since some persons returned to their homes after registering as IDPs, while others registered while still living in the conflict zone.

The largest number of IDPs resided in areas immediately adjoining the conflict zones, in government-controlled areas of Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts as well as in Kharkiv, Dnipropetrovsk, and Zaporizhzhya Oblasts.

Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk resided in areas close to the line of contact in the hope they would be able to return home. The government granted social entitlements only to those individuals who had registered as IDPs. According to the law, the government should provide IDPs with housing, but authorities did not take effective steps to do so. On October 10, the president signed a law providing for the priority provision of social housing for IDPs with disabilities.

Humanitarian aid groups had good access to areas under government control. Housing, Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk, and payment of social benefits Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk pensions remained the greatest concerns among IDPs.

The suspensions affected the majority of IDP residents in government-controlled territory, as well as most residents of Russia-controlled areas; effects were especially acute for the elderly and disabled, whose limited mobility hindered their ability to verify whether they were included in the lists or to Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk their residency. The government often suspended payments without Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk, and IDPs reported problems having them reinstated.

On September 4, the Supreme Court ruled that the verification requirement did not constitute lawful grounds for termination of pension payments. According to research conducted by the International Organization for Migration IOM59 percent of surveyed IDP households relied on government support as one of their main sources of income. More than 15 percent of IDP respondents indicated their social payments had been suspended.

IDPs were unable to vote in local elections unless they changed their registration to their new place of residence.

Local civil society organizations and international humanitarian organizations provided the bulk of assistance for IDPs on a temporary basis. UN agencies reported the influx of IDPs led to tensions arising from competition for scarce resources. Critics accused internally displaced men who moved to western areas of the country of evading military service, while competition rose for Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk, employment, and educational opportunities in Kyiv and Lviv.

A shortage of employment opportunities and the generally weak economy particularly affected IDPs, forcing many to live in inadequate housing, such as collective centers and other temporary accommodations. Other IDPs stayed with host families, volunteers, and in private accommodations, Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk affordable private accommodations were often in Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk condition.

Some Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk, particularly those in government-controlled areas of Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts, lacked sufficient sanitation, shelter, and access to potable water. IDPs continued to have Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk obtaining education, medical care, Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk necessary documents.

Romani activists expressed concern that some Roma in eastern areas could not afford to flee conflict areas, while others had no choice but to leave their homes. In the Kyiv Administrative Court of Appeal overturned a National Bank decision that Crimean IDPs were nonresidents, which had restricted access to banking and financial services for those fleeing the Russian occupation. Nonetheless, media reports indicated that banks continued to restrict banking services for Crimean IDPs even after the court decision.

Refoulement : The government often did not provide for protection against the expulsion or return of asylum seekers to a country where there was reason to believe their lives or freedom would be threatened on account of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk social group, or political opinion. According to press reports, Tumgoyev had been in the country sincehad apparently fought Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk a progovernment battalion in the Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk, and had requested asylum.

On October 6, the Russian press reported that Tumgoyev had been severely beaten in detention in Russia. There were also allegations that officials deported some individuals Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk countries where they were at risk of imprisonment without providing an opportunity for them to apply Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk asylum.

On July 13, a Mykolaiv court ruled to extradite him to Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk, where he was Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk on charges of being a member of the Gulen movement. According to press reports, authorities immediately transported Inan to Turkey, denying him the ability to appeal the court decision Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk apply for asylum.

Access to Asylum : The law provides for asylum or refugee status, and the government has established a legal system to protect refugees. Protection for refugees and asylum seekers was insufficient due to gaps in the law and the system of implementation.

As of July 1, only seven persons had received refugee status since the start of the year. The country is a transit and destination country for asylum seekers and refugees, principally from Afghanistan, the Russian Federation, Bangladesh, Syria, and Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk.

Human rights groups noted that the refugee law falls short of international standards due to its restrictive definition of a refugee. The law permits authorities to reject many asylum applications without a thorough case assessment. In other instances government officials declined to accept initial asylum applications without a legal basis, leaving asylum seekers without documentation and vulnerable to frequent police stops, fines, detention, and exploitation.

Asylum seekers in detention centers were sometimes unable to apply for refugee status within the prescribed time limits and had limited access to legal and other assistance.

Asylum seekers have five days to appeal an order of detention or deportation. A lack of access to qualified interpreters also hampered the full range of asylum procedures. International observers noted the government did not provide resources for Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk, which created opportunities for corruption and undermined the fairness of asylum application procedures.

Employment : Most asylum seekers were unable to obtain a work permit as required by law. Some asylum Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk worked illegally, increasing their risk of exploitation. Access to Basic Services : The national plan on the integration of refugees adopted by the government did not allocate resources for its implementation. Some reports, however, indicated the government did not always provide payment. Temporary accommodation centers had a reception capacity of According to the State Migration Service, refugees and those seeking complementary protection could receive residence registration at homeless shelters for up to six months.

Many children had to rely on informal networks for food, shelter, and other needs and remained vulnerable to abuse, trafficking, and other forms of exploitation. UNHCR noted a lack of educational programs and vocational activities for those in detention for extended periods. Persons who were either stateless or at risk of statelessness included Roma, homeless persons, current and former prisoners, and persons over 50 who never obtained a Ukrainian personal identification document after the fall of the Soviet Union and were no longer able to obtain one.

The law requires establishing identity through a court procedure, which demanded more time and money than some applicants Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk. UNHCR reported Roma were at particular risk for statelessness, since many did not have birth certificates or any other type of documentation to verify their identity.

Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk The constitution and law provide citizens the ability to choose their government in free and fair periodic elections held by secret ballot and based on universal and equal suffrage.

Recent Elections : In citizens elected Petro Poroshenko president in an election considered free and fair Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk international and domestic observers.

Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk country held early legislative Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk in that observers also considered free and fair. Participation of Women and Minorities : No laws limit the participation of women or members of minorities in the political process, and they did participate. The law provides criminal penalties for corruption. Authorities did not effectively Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk the law, and many officials engaged in corrupt practices with impunity.

While the number of reports of government corruption was low, corruption remained pervasive at all levels in the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government. Its success will depend on the integrity of the selection procedures for its judges Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk well as on the effectiveness and independence of the other two previously created anticorruption agencies, the National Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk Bureau NABU and the Special Anticorruption Prosecutor SAP.

In November anticorruption watchdogs expressed concern about apparent Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk on the work of an international expert panel that the law mandates participate in the HACC judge selection process to ensure the integrity of candidates. Observers alleged that the release of leaked conversations by the head Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk SAP in early indicated he had engaged in witness tampering and obstruction of justice. He refused to resign, Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk not disciplined by the Prosecutor General or prosecutorial body, and allegedly proceeded to undermine NABU investigations, weakening efforts to hold high-ranking officials to account.

Corruption : While the government publicized several attempts to combat corruption, it remained a serious problem for citizens and businesses alike. On February 13, NABU arrested Odesa Mayor Hennadiy Trukhanov and three city council deputies, who were charged with embezzlement and causing financial damage to the state.

He was released on bail on February That company, allegedly beneficially owned Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk Trukhanov and associates, had allegedly bought the building just months earlier from the Odesa city government for just A court began reviewing the Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk on November Financial Disclosure : The law mandates the filing of income and expenditure declarations by public officials, and a special review process allows for public access to declarations and sets penalties for either not filing or filing a false declaration.

By law, the National Agency for the Prevention of Corruption NAPC is responsible for reviewing financial declarations, monitoring the income and expenditures of high-level officials, and checking party finances. Observers increasingly questioned, however, whether the NAPC had the capacity and independence to fulfill this function, noting that in practice NABU had proven to be more effective for oversight of declarations, even though this was not its core mandate.

Observers noted serious flaws in this Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk procedure and doubted it would result in improved verification. A variety of domestic and international human rights groups generally operated without government restriction, investigating and publishing their findings on human rights cases.

During the year burdensome new Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk requirements on NGOs working on anticorruption matters came into effect. Authorities in Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk areas in eastern Ukraine routinely denied access to domestic and international civil society organizations.

Commercial sexual exploitation of children remained a serious problem.

If human rights groups attempted to work in those areas, they faced significant harassment and intimidation see section 2. Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk Human Rights Bodies : The constitution provides for a human rights ombudsman, officially designated as legislative commissioner on human rights.

On March 15, the parliament appointed Lyudmila Denisova parliamentary commissioner for human rights. The office of the Human Rights Ombudsperson cooperated with NGOs on Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk projects to monitor human rights practices in Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk institutions, including detention facilities, orphanages and boarding schools for children, and geriatric institutions.

Denisova took a proactive stance advocating on behalf of political prisoners held by Russia, Crimean Tatars, Roma, IDPs, and persons with disabilities. Investigative journalists exposed several instances during the year in which the government provided grant funds to or cooperated with hate groups.

The ministry later justified the decision by stating that it provided the funds only for specific project activities that were not violent. In a December media interview, the head of C14 described cooperation with the SBU and police see section 1. Rape and Domestic Violence : The law prohibits rape of men or women.

The penalty for rape is three to 15 years imprisonment. Sexual assault and rape continued to be significant problems. It introduced a new legal concept of domestic violence and called for Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk creation of a unified state register to monitor cases of domestic violence. Under the law, an offender is liable for compulsory community service, or a two to eight year prison term. Domestic violence against women remained a serious Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk. Spousal abuse was common.

According to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, cases of domestic violence were registered during the Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk nine months of the year. Police issued Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk 68, domestic violence warnings and protection orders during the first nine months of the year. Punishment included fines, emergency restraining orders of Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk to 10 days, ordinary restraining orders from one to six months, administrative arrest, and community service.

Human rights groups noted that the ability of Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk to detect and report cases of domestic violence was limited. Human rights groups asserted that law enforcement often did Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk consider domestic violence Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk be a serious crime but rather a private matter to be settled between spouses, but also noted that police were starting to take the problem more seriously.

On November 5, police in Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk Oblast arrested year old Petro Putsak for starving his year old mother. Neighbors reported that he locked his mother in the house, deprived her of medical help and would occasionally beat her when demanding money.

The woman was taken to the intensive care unit of a local hospital. Police were in the process of investigating the case. According to the NGO La Strada, the Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk in the Donbas region Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk to a surge in violence against women across the country.

Human rights groups attributed the increase in violence to posttraumatic stress experienced by IDPs fleeing the conflict and by soldiers returning from combat. IDPs reported instances of rape and sexual abuse; many claimed to have fled areas controlled by Russia-led forces because they feared sexual abuse.

Although the law requires the government to operate a shelter Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk every major city, it did not do so. Social services centers monitored families in matters related to domestic violence and child abuse.

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The law puts sexual harassment in the same category as discrimination and sets penalties from a fine of up to three years in prison. Women rarely sought legal Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk because courts declined to hear their cases and rarely convicted perpetrators.

Coercion in Population Control : There were no reports of Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk abortion or involuntary sterilization. Discrimination : The law provides that women enjoy the same rights as men.

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Nevertheless, women experienced discrimination in employment. According to the government commissioner on gender policy, women received 30 percent lower salaries than men. In December the Ministry of Health Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk occupations from a list of occupations prohibited for Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk 50 occupations remained on the list, however.

In April the government approved the State Social Program for Equal Rights and Opportunities for Women and Menwhich aimed to ensure access of men and women to employment, achieve balanced participation of women and men in political and public decision-making, to Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk the gap in salary payments, and to adopt appropriate regulations to achieve gender mainstreaming in all policies.

Birth Registration : Either birth in the country or to Ukrainian parents conveys citizenship. A child born to stateless parents residing permanently Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk the country is a citizen.

The law Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk that parents register a child within a month of birth, and failure to register sometimes resulted in denial of Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk services.

Registration of children born in Crimea or Russia-controlled areas in Donbas remained difficult. Authorities required hospital paperwork to register births. Persons Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk in Crimea and parts of Russia-controlled Donbas had to turn to Ukrainian Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk with birth or death documents issued by occupational authorities in order to receive Ukrainian documents. The courts were obliged to make rulings in 24 hours; these decisions were then carried out by the registry office.

Due to the lack of judges in local courts, Ukrainians living in regions occupied by Russia and Russian-led forces faced serious difficulty in obtaining Ukrainian documents. Child Abuse : Penalties for child abuse range from three years to life depending on severity. The law calls for imprisonment of up to five years for those Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk engage in sexual relations with a child younger than Human rights groups noted authorities lacked the capability to detect violence Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk children and refer victims for assistance.

Preventive services remained underdeveloped. There were also instances of forced labor involving children see section 7. Authorities did not take effective measures at the national level to protect children from abuse and violence and to prevent such problems. The ombudsman for human rights noted the imperfection of mechanisms to protect children who survived Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk witnessed violence, in particular violence committed by their parents. According to the law, parents were the legal representatives of their children, even if they perpetrated violence against them.

There is Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk procedure for appointing a temporary legal representative for a child during the investigation of alleged parental violence. In early November a two-year old boy was taken to the intensive care unit in Kyiv. According to the police, his stepfather brutally beat him. Police began investigating the incident and the child was removed from the family pending conclusion of the investigation. Early and Forced Marriage : The minimum age for marriage is Romani rights groups reported that early marriages involving girls Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk the age of 18 were common in the Romani community.

Sexual Exploitation of Children Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk The law prohibits the commercial sexual exploitation of children, the sale of children, offering or procuring a child for child prostitution, and practices related to child pornography.

The minimum prison sentence for child rape is 10 years. Molesting a child younger than 16 Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk punishable by imprisonment for up to five years. The same offense committed against a child younger than 14 is punishable by imprisonment for five to eight years. The age of consent is Sexual exploitation of children, however, remained significantly underreported. Commercial sexual exploitation of children remained a serious problem.

Domestic and foreign law enforcement officials reported that a significant amount of child pornography on the internet continued to originate in the country. The IOM reported that children from socially disadvantaged families and those in state custody continued to be at high risk of trafficking, including for commercial sexual exploitation and the production Prostitutes Dokuchayevsk pornography.

For example on June 13 in Kryvyi Rih, police arrested a couple who repeatedly raped their daughter. According to police, the father had abused the four-year-old child since she was two.

The child was placed in a local rehabilitation center.

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While the law prohibits the worst forms of child labor, it does not always provide inspectors sufficient authority to conduct inspections. Worker advocates reported an increase in retaliation against trade union members involved in anticorruption activities at their workplaces.

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