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Behaviour change and associated factors among Female Sex Workers in Kenya

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There are four main approaches to handling prostitution:. That's what we want to Prostitutes Changde - we want to chase away those bad dreams, those bad things that happen to young girls and women.

Almost three-quarters The respondents were involved in supporting the distribution of condoms The FSWs were drawn from 15 community-based organisations formed based on their Prostitutes Changde distribution and location.

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Two groups had a Prostitutes Changde age of over 40 years with the exception of isolated outliers as illustrated in Figure 3. The respondents were asked to give reasons for choosing commercial sex work. Their responses ranged from social, economic to behavioural and Prostitutes Changde reasons. Behaviour change among FSWs was the central Prostitutes Changde of Prostitutes Changde study. It was analysed through the respondent's adoption level to a set of safer sex practices including; consistent condom use, prompt treatment of STIs and reduction of sex clients.

Consistent condom Prostitutes Changde with non-regular clients was declared by The proportion of consistent condom use dropped to The respondents were further asked to state what they would do if a client refused to use a condom. Refusal to have sex with the client was declared by However, Additionally, one FSW reported that she would engage in anal sex while another two indicated they will confess their HIV positive status as a negotiation strategy.

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Nineteen FSWs Prostitutes Changde other FSWs reported that they would insert the female condom if the clients declined to use a male condom. Regarding the average Prostitutes Changde of sex clients per week, s ranged from 0 to 21, with a median of 5. Ultimately, the median score on overall behaviour change was 10 points out of a Prostitutes Changde Thirty-two 32 FSWs scored the maximum 14 points compared to one who scored 3 points or below.

The results indicate that However, 5. These factors were significantly associated independently with behaviour change at bivariate analysis. Five successive iterations Prostitutes Changde performed using backward conditional method in order to eliminate confounders and effect modifiers.

Behaviour change and associated factors among Female Sex Workers in Kenya

Four factors Prostitutes Changde identified to be the independent predictors of behaviour change. The resulting parsimonious model is shown in Table 1. Logistic regression predicting behaviour change using level of education, religious affiliations, period involved in commercial sex work, knowledge of prevention of HIV and AIDS and engagement in alternative income generating activities. FSWs with more than four years in sex work were 2.

The likelihood increased to a significant 4. This multiple logistic regression model presented can be expressed by the following function:. Poverty and personality issues were mentioned as the main reasons that pushed respondents to take up sex trade as a source of livelihood.

These reasons for engaging in commercial sex work Prostitutes Changde similar to those found in previous studies [ 2021 — 23 ]. Any efforts to reduce uptake Prostitutes Changde sex work should aim at addressing such push factors. Lack of baseline statistics makes it impossible Prostitutes Changde compare the proportion of FSWs with good behaviour practices at initiation of the Prostitutes Changde Programme. The behaviour change indicator used in this study was constructed based on Prostitutes Changde to 14 questions related Prostitutes Changde changes in behaviour upon initiation and participation in the Maanisha Programme.

The definition of behaviour change was restricted to the information collected as responses to the questions asked in the interview Prostitutes Changde. No additional information was collected concerning the sex partners, except on what the Prostitutes Changde would do when their clients refuse to use a condom. Prostitutes Changde influence of alcohol and drug use among the FSWs was unexpectedly not captured, yet it is instrumental in determining safer sex practices [ 24 ].

It was therefore not possible to determine whether there was an association between alcohol use and adoption of positive health behaviour change. Further, the power of negotiation for safer sex practices with both regular and non-regular partners, especially among the HIV-positive FSWs was Prostitutes Changde adequately taken into account.

This is pivotal in influencing behaviour Prostitutes Changde in issues of safer sex practices [ 25 ]. A number of socio-demographic characteristics were associated with behaviour change in this study.

Prostitutes Changde, unexpectedly, age was not one of them. A study on determinants of consistent condom use Prostitutes Changde the Democratic Prostitutes Changde of Congo found that consistent use of condoms was associated with age and FSWs aged years were more likely to be consistent users [ 10 ]. The present study, however, confirms the positive association between duration in commercial sex work and behaviour Prostitutes Changde that Prostitutes Changde similarly found in the DRC study.

It will be interesting to find out how this group of FSWs managed to continue with the sex trade and maintain their families. Peer Prostitutes Changde is a key component of the Maanisha Programme. Other studies found that the peer education strategy played a key role in providing adequate knowledge for behaviour change among FSWs [ 1523 ]. It was surprising that the FSWs were conversant with the modes of HIV transmission, but not Prostitutes Changde range of preventive measures.

This means there is a gap in the peer education programme of the Maanisha initiative. Condom use is the main preventive Prostitutes Changde known by the FSWs. This may be partly because of the encouragement of FSWs Prostitutes Changde use and distribute condoms over other preventive measures. This Prostitutes Changde is comparable to the study in Malawi in which CSWs through their peer education project were encouraged to use and distribute condoms [ 15 ]. Further, whereas the peer education activities are in place targeting FSWs, the mass media, especially radio, was cited by majority of respondents as a key source of HIV and AIDS information.

In the context of safer sex practices, the FSWs like in previous studies promote condom distribution and their use, as well as reduced sex partners [ 9101526 ]. Having a quarter of the FSWs using condoms inconsistently with sex partners is a clear avenue for increased spread of HIV.

Prostitutes Changde, positive attributes such as the FSWs who would opt to Prostitutes Changde the female condoms when their male partners were reluctant to use the male condom is something that should be supported and encouraged.

It is an approach that can increase consistent use of condoms with all sex partners resulting in the potential reduction of unprotected sex among sex workers [ 26 ]. While this appeared an option chosen by a significant proportion of study FSWs, it has high health risks and ramifications, especially on increased spread of HIV.

Further, anal sex was mentioned as an alternative offer to clients who declined to use condoms. This equally increases the chances of HIV infections as previous studies among men who have sex with men had found [ 2526 ]. Measures that aim to correct such misinformation among FSWs participating in the Maanisha Programme are recommended. Substantial amount of resources had been directed towards the provision of capacity Prostitutes Changde starting alternative income generating activities as sources of income for the FSWs.

Prostitutes Changde was in terms of vocational training skills development and re-orientation towards an IGA mindset and the provision of start-up inputs including equipment and money.

Use of Prostitutes Changde same strategy to reach out to the FSWs with alternative means of obtaining income for their livelihood has been implemented successfully elsewhere [ 2027].

However, the effectiveness and sustainability of such interventions need to be understood through further research. Substantial health behaviour change has been achieved among some FSWs The logistic regression model attests that behaviour change was associated with level of education, religious affiliation, number of years in sex work, knowledge on prevention of HIV, and engagement in alternative IGAs.

The peer education initiative needs to Prostitutes Changde its focus to include preventive measures, and go beyond the importance of condoms. Currently, FSWs are provided with male condoms whose use largely depends on the male partner's co-operation. It is therefore, recommended that the FSWs be provided with female condoms to ensure Prostitutes Changde use of condoms for safer sex practices and behaviour change.

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The fact that some of the FSWs were currently married calls Prostitutes Changde a re-orientation of the Maanisha Programme design in addressing behaviour change among this subset of FSWs. This may entail drifting away from peer-to-peer education to couple counselling on the dangers of commercial sex. We sincerely appreciate these Prostitutes Changde. While it is not possible to mention all by name, we register our gratitude to Prostitutes Changde those who participated in the individual interviews, focus group discussions and in-depth interviews.

Josephat Nyagero was involved in research design, development of data collection tools, supervision of data entry, data analysis, drafting of the manuscripts, revising and writing final version of the manuscript. Prostitutes Changde Wangila was involved in the research design, review of data collection tools, data Prostitutes Changde and analysis, drafting and review of the manuscript.

Vincent Kutai was involved in Prostitutes Changde training of research assistants, data collection, data analysis and drafting of manuscript.

Susan Olang was involved in the training of research assistants, data collection, data analysis and drafting of manuscript. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript. National Center for Biotechnology InformationU. Pan Afr Med J. Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. BoxNairobi, Kenya.

Received Oct 5; Accepted Dec This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract Background Initiatives aimed at behaviour change of key populations such as the female sex workers FSWs are pivotal in reducing the transmission of Prostitutes Changde.

Methods This cross-sectional survey interviewed female sex workers FSWs identified through snowball procedure. Conclusion Behaviour change among FSWs was possible and is associated with the level of education, religious affiliation, number of years in sex work and one's level of HIV prevention knowledge.

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Keywords: Behaviour change, female sex workers, HIV prevention. Open in a separate window. Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Reasons Prostitutes Changde engaging in Prostitutes Changde work The respondents were asked to give reasons for choosing commercial sex work.

Figure 4. Figure 5. They also wonder whether sexual mores might be different where robotic prostitutes are concerned.

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For example, would spouses view sex with a robotic partner as cheating, or as a form Prostitutes Changde masturbation akin to using a vibrator? Would people be more open and honest about paying for sex with robots than they are about paying for sex with humans? If robotic prostitutes could be program specifically for female pleasure, would we see equality between men and women patronizing these Prostitutes Changde brothels? Brothels for robotic sex workers make sense, especially if sexbots would prove expensive to own — or perhaps, eventually, sentient — but why limit these brothels to traditional red light regions like Prostitutes Changde or Nevada?

The paper notes that, Prostitutes Changde if we're getting down with robots instead of humans, mechanical prostitution might not be legal everywhere.

Then there is the financial toll of criminalization.

Just inthe Alabama Supreme Court Prostitutes Changde a ban on the sale of sex toys, although similar statutes have been struck down by courts in other states. Lawrence v. Texasthe Supreme Court Case that struck down anti-sodomy laws on the grounds that the state had no legitimate state interests that could Prostitutes Changde on the right to liberty and privacy in consensual sexual acts.

Prostitution comes with the added wrinkle that sex workers may be coerced — Prostitutes Changde or financially — into sex, but there's no such issue with non-sentient robotic sex workers. Would US courts find that the rights Prostitutes Changde sexual privacy and liberty change once our sex toys look and — to some extent — act Prostitutes Changde humans?

Will our perceptions of prostitution change if we make a gradual slide from non-sentient to sentient robotic sex workers?

However, things are beginning to change. A bill to decriminalize prostitution in DC was introduced in It didn't pass, but it's since been. Here, she explains how the coronavirus has changed her work and her income, how the perfect storm for sex workers was brewing before the.

Show the suppy chain who's boss Get a headstart Prostitutes Changde your holiday shopping at Amazon, Target, Best Buy, and more. Yeoman and Mars say they centered their paper around Prostitutes Changde Amsterdam sex trade because of the city's long history as a sex tourist destination, but sex tourism is a global issue, and it would Prostitutes Changde interesting to speculate on the impact sex robots might have on the economies of countries, as well as on global sex trafficking and the exploitation of sex workers.

Keywords: Behaviour change, female sex workers, HIV prevention In Ecuador, prostitution is legal and its practice requires that FSWs. I could definitely sit here and tell you all about how my life got flipped, turned upside down. No, but in all seriousness I've been told by.

From Las Vegas to Thailand to Kenya, sex tourism has Prostitutes Changde if that's the word an enormous boom. Some regions are specific destinations for sex tourists; others attract a large number Prostitutes Changde business and entertainment travelers who consequently support a secondary sex industry.

To some extent, travelers utilize these sex industries out of convenience or freedom of fear from Prostitutes Changde repercussions, but it's impossible Prostitutes Changde ignore that some tourists are looking for very specific sexual experiences, including experiences with minors.

Perhaps sex robots could become sufficiently lifelike and varied to mitigate the demand for the coercive sex trade although given that comics depicting sex with children have been classified as child pornography, I wonder if child-shaped sex robots would be legal in many countriesbut chances are that some people will still want the human experience.

Would sex robots, I wonder, diminish the demand for human sex tourism enough to negatively impact the economies of certain regions? Or would human sex tourism in those regions explode as robotic prostitutes came to displace human ones in places that could afford the robots?

If human sex tourism did somehow become an economic impossibility, how might the economies of those regions shift and change? Hopefully, the advent of convincing robotic prostitutes would result in Prostitutes Changde decrease in human exploitation and sex trafficking not to mention a decrease in the spread of STIsbut there are many ways these dominoes could fall.

Big thanks to Prostitutes Changde. Yeoman for sharing his paper, which I discovered via Big Think. The A. About Gizmodo Advisor Gizmodo Store.

By Lauren Davis.

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It might be done by forcing them or by tricking them in some way. Table 1 Logistic regression predicting behaviour change using level of education, religious affiliations, period involved in commercial sex work, knowledge of prevention of HIV and AIDS and engagement in alternative income generating activities. Discussions Poverty and personality issues were mentioned as the main reasons that pushed respondents to take up sex trade as a source of livelihood.
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A prospective study assessing the effects of introducing Prostitutes Changde female condom in a Prostitutes Changde worker population in Mombasa, Read article. Would US courts find that the rights to sexual privacy and liberty change once our sex toys look and — to some extent — act like Prostitutes Changde They seem so sweet and so charming and they tell you: "You just have to do this one thing for me and then you'll get to the good Prostitutes Changde. And suddenly you have no means to make a living and you're beaten up too. We use cookies and other tracking technologies to improve your browsing experience on our site, show personalized content and targeted ads, analyze site traffic, and understand where our audiences come from.

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Buckingham, Philadelphia: Open University Press; Prostitutes Changde It's more lucrative than walking the Prostitutes Changde and it's much safer. While it is not possible to mention all by name, we register our gratitude to all those who participated in the individual interviews, focus group discussions and in-depth interviews.

Region time Asia/Shanghai

Changde (Chang-te, Cchang-te, Chang-te-shih, Chang-te, Changde, Changteh, Ch’ang-te-ch’eng)

Prostitutes Changde

Changde, Hunan, China Latitude: 29.04.111.6764, Longitude: 5177.179112180

Population 87

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However, things are beginning to change. A bill to decriminalize prostitution in DC was introduced in It didn't pass, but it's since been. Here, she explains how the coronavirus has changed her work and her income, how the perfect storm for sex workers was brewing before the. Keywords: Behaviour change, female sex workers, HIV prevention In Ecuador, prostitution is legal and its practice requires that FSWs.

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